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Word Meanings of Bhagavad Gita Chapter 1
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच :
- धर्म क्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः,
मामकाः पण्डवैः च एव किम कुर्वत संजयः ॥ (1.01)
The first word is Dharma. This word is very loosely interpreted as “righteousness”, “moral duty”, and “religion”. The root meaning is “the purpose for which one was created “. Many of us (me included) fail to realise the real purpose for which we were created by the Creator. Those that have realized their purpose have accomplished themselves in the chosen field and have left behind them an indelible mark on this world. I may have been created by the Creator to be a teacher but for some fanciful reason I take up engineering. I might excel to some extent but still I would remain mediocre. My mind, heart and soul is not fully involved in this profession. There is always some inner force impeding my attempts at realsing my full potential.
Kshetra means “ arena”, “field” or “realm”. The second word Kshethray (notice the declension of the word) means in the arena or in the field or in the realm.
Kuru refers to the Kuru Dynasty and Kurukshetra refers to their empire. It was here the battle of Mahabharata was fought.
Samavetha means gathered or assembled ; Yuyutsava – eager to fight
Maamakaah – mine (descendents of Dritharashtra)
Pandavaih – Of Pandu (the father of Pandavas)
Cha Eva – and also ; Kim – What ; Kurvath – be (they) doing ; Sanjaya – O Sanjaya.
संजयः उवाच :
- दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डव आनीकम व्यूढ्म् दुर्योधनः तदा,
आचार्यम उपसम्गम्य राजा वचनं अब्रवीत ॥ (1.02)
Drishtvaa – having seen ; Tu – thus ; Pandava – the Pandavas ; Aanekam – Army ;
Vyoodahm – arrayed
Duryodhana – name of the eldest among the Kaurava brothers (and presently the King)
Thadha – thereafter
Aacharyam – Aacharya means Teacher or Master. With the declension of the word it means to (or towards) the Teacher (referring to Dronachaarya).
Upasamgamya – having approached ; Raajaa – the King (referring to Duryodhana)
Vachanam – Words ; Abraveeth – spoke
- पश्य एताम् पाण्डु पुत्राणाम् , आचार्य महतीम् चमुम् ।
व्यूढाम् द्रुपद पुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥
Pashya – Watch ; Ethaam – these ; Pandu PuthraaNaam – of Pandu’s sons
Aachaarya – O Teacher, venerable ; Mahatheem – Superior ; Chamum – Army
Vyoodaahm – arrayed ; Drupada PuthrayNa – by the sons of Drupada
Thava – your ; shiSHyeNa – by disciple ; Dheemathaa – highy intelligent, brilliant
(Drupada PuthrayNa thava shiSHyeNa Dheematha – by your brilliant disciple, the son of Drupada)
- अत्र शूर महेष्वासा भीम अर्जुन समा युधिः ,
युयुधानो विराटः च द्रुपदः च महारथः ॥
Athra – there ; Shoora – valiant, courageous ; Maheshwaasaa – skilled archers
Bheema, Arjuna
Samaa – comparable to ; Yudhi – warriors
Yuyudhaana, Viraaah, Drupadah – Names of the three commanding warriors
Cha – and ; Mahaaraththah – great charioteers
- धृष्टकेतुः च एकितानः काशि रजः च वीर्यवान् ,
पुरुजित कुंति भोजः च शैब्यः च नरपुङवः ॥
Drishtaketu, Ekithaana, Kasi Raja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, Sybya – names of the various commanders of the Pandava army
Veeryavaan – Courageous ; Nara – Men ; Pungava – the best (Nara Pungava – the best among men)
Cha – and
- युधामन्युः च विक्रांत उत्तमौजाः च वीर्यवान् ,
सौभद्रा द्रौपदेयाः च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥
Yudhamanu – Name of a warrior ; Vikranta – terrifying ; Uttamauja – Name of a warrior
Veeryavaan – strong ; Subhadra – (son of) Subhadra ; Draupadeyah – (sons of Draupadi)
Sarva – all ; Eva – also ; Maharatha – great chartioteers ; Cha – and
- अस्माकम् तु विशिष्टा ये तान् निबोध द्विजोत्तम,
नायक मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थम् तान् ब्रवीमि ते ॥
Asmaakam – ours ; Tu – too ; VisishTa – distinguished ; Ye – These
Thaan – about them; Nibodha – information
Dwijoththama = dwija + uttama (Dwija means twice born and uttama means superior) Referring to Dronaachaarya, the superior Brahmin.
Naayaka – leader, commander ; Mama – my ; Sainyasya – of army
Sangyaartham – (samjnya+ arththam) (samjnya = sam + jnya = understanding) (arththam = for the sake of) – for your understanding or information
Taan – about them ; Braveemi – (I shall) tell ; Te – to you
- भवान् भीष्मः च कर्णः च कृपः च समितिंञय,
अश्वथामा विकर्णः च सौमदत्तिः तथा एव च॥
Bhavaan – Yourselves ; Bheeshma ; Cha – and ; Karna ; Cha – and ; Kripa
Samitinjaya = samitim + jaya = In battle + victorious
Aswaththama ; Vikarna ; Cha – and ; Soumadatthi – son of Somadatta i.e. Bhurisravas
Tattha (so), Eva (also), Cha (and) – and so also.
- अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्त जीवितः ,
नाना शस्त्र प्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्ध विशारथाः॥
Anye – others ; Cha – and ; Bahava – many ; Sooraa – Courageous, valiant
Madartthe = math (me) + arthey (sake) = for my sake ; Thyaktha = sacrificing ;
Jeevitha = life ; Naana – varied, many ; Sastra – weapons ; PraharaNaa – experts at
Sarvey – all ; yuddha – in battle ; visaarattha – distinguished, specialized.
- अपर्याप्तम तद अस्माकम् बलम् भीष्माभि रक्षितम्
पर्याप्तम् तु इदम एतेषाम् बलम् भीमाभि रक्षितम् ॥
Aparyaaptham = limitless, endless ; tat = that ; Asmaakam = our ; Balam = strength
Bheeshmabhi = by Bheeshma ; rakshitam = protected / guarded
Paryaaptham = limited; tu = but ; idam = this ; Etheyshaam = their; balam = strength
Bheemaabhi = by Bheema ; rakshitam = protected / guarded
- अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथा भागम् अवस्थिता:,
भीष्मम् एव अभिरक्षंतु भवंतः सर्व एव हि ॥
Ayaneshu = in the contingents; Sarveshu = in all ; Yatha = just as; Bhaagam = divisions;
Avasthitthaah = be positioned ; Bheeshmam = Bheeshma; Eva = only;
Abhirakshantu = protect / guard; Bhavanthah = you ; Sarva = all ; Eva = only;
hi = (definitely) this word is used to lay stress.
- तस्य सञ्जनयन हर्ष कुरु वृद्दः पितामह,
सिम्हनादम् विनद्य उच्चौ शङ्खम् दध्मौ प्रतापवान्॥
Tasya = his; Sanjanayan = fallen spirits; Harsha = to cheer up; Kuru = of the kauravas
Vriddhah = aged / old; Pitaamaha = grandfather
Simhanaadam = like the roar of a lion; Vinadhya = roared; Uchchow = loudly; Sankham = the conch
Dadhmaow = rendered / blew; Prataapavaan = His Majesty (Bheeshma).
- ततः शङ्खाः च भेर्यः च पणव आनक गोमुखाः,
सहसा एव अभ्य हन्यंत स शब्दः तुमुलः अभवत् ॥
Tathah = there upon; Sankhaah = conches; Cha = and; Bhayryah = kettle drums;
PaNava = cymbal ; Aanaka = Bass drum / tabor ; Gomukhaah = horn or trumpet;
Sahasaa = at once forcefully ; Abhya hanyantha = blared forth; Sa = that;
Sabdah= noise ; Tumulah = noisy / tumultuous ; Abhavath = became.
(Tumulah abhavath = reverberated) .
- ततः श्वेतैः हयैः युक्ते महति स्यंदने स्थितौ,
माधवः पाण्डवः च एव दिव्यौ शंखौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥
Tatah = there; Swethaihi = white ; Hayaihi = horses; Yukthay = yoked (yoked to white horses)
Mahathi = magnificient; Syamdhanay = in the chariot; Sthithou = stationed ;
Maadhavah = Krishna; Paandavah = Arjuna; Cha = and; Eva = also; Divyou = divine;
Sankhou = conches ; Pradadhmatuh = blew.
- पाञ्चजन्यम् हृषीकेशो देवदत्तम् धनञ्जयः ,
पौण्ड्रुम दध्मौ महाशंखम् भीमकर्म वृकोदरः ॥
Paanchajanyam = name of the conch; Hrisheekesah = (by) Krishna; Devadattam = name of the
conch; Dhananjayah = (by) Arjuna; Poundrum = name of the conch; Dadhmou = rendered, blew;
Mahaasankham = the great conch; Bheemakarma = (performer of ) terrible deeds;
Vrikoedarah = (by) Bheema.
- अनंतविजयम राजा कुंतीपुत्रो युधिष्टिरः,
नकुलः सहदेवः च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥
Ananthavijayam = name of the conch; Raja = King; Kunti Putra = son of Kunti;
Yudhishtira = Yudhishtira ; (The King Yudhishtira, the son of Kunti, blew the conch Ananthavijayam)
Nakula = Nakula ; Sahadeva = Sahadeva; cha = and ; Sughoshamani = name of the conch;
Pushpaka = name of the conch.
- काश्यः च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डि च महारथः ,
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटः च सत्यकिः च अपराजितः ॥
Kaasyah = the King of Kasi; cha = and ; Parameshwaasah = a great archer; Sikhandi = Sikhandi;
Cha = and; Mahaarathah = a great charioteer; Drishtadhyumna = Dhrishtadhyumna ;
Viraatah = Viraat ; cha = and ; Satyaki = Satyaki; cha = and; Aparaajitah = invincible.
- द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाः च सर्वशः पृथ्वीपते,
सौभद्रः च महाबाहुः शंख़ान् दध्मुः पृथक् पृथक् ॥
Drupadah = Drupada; Draupadeyaah = off-springs of Draupadi; cha = and;
Sarvasah = from all sides ; Prithveepathey = O Lord of the Earth (referring to Dritharaashtra);
Saubhadrah = off spring of Subhdra; cha = and ; Mahaabaahuh = mighty armed, well built;
Sankhaan = conches; Dadhmau = blew ; Prithak-Prithak = separate-separate, distinctive.
- स घोषो धर्त्तराष्ट्राणाम हृदयानि व्यदारयत्
नभः च पृथ्वीम च एव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन ॥
Sa = that ; Ghosho = sound ;
DhaathruraashtraaNaam = of the lineage of Dritharaashtra (referring to the Kauravaas) ;
Hrudayaani = the hearts ; Vyadaarayat = rend, tear; Nabhah = the sky; cha = and ;
pruthveem = the earth; cha = and; eva = also ; Tumulah = the blaring sound ;
vyanunaadayan = reverberated.
- अथ व्यवस्थितान् दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान् कपिध्वजः ,
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुः उद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥
Atha = there; Vyavasthitaan = stationed; Drishtvaa = having seen ;
Dhaatruraashtraan = the lineage of Dritharaashtra ;
Kapi dwaja = (Kapi – monkey; dwaja – flag) the flag of the Kauravaas bore the insignia of a monkey;
Pravrutay = about to activate, getting ready to ; Sastra sampaatay = discharge of weapons ;
Dhanuh = the bow ; Udhyamya = lifting; Pandavah = Arjuna.
- हृषीकेशम तदा वाक्यम् इदम् आह महीपते,
Hrisheekesam = to Hrisheekesa (Krishna) ; Thada = then; Vaakyam = words ; Idam = these ;
Aaha = spoke ; Maheepathe = O Great King.
अर्जुनः उवाच
सेनयोः उभयोः मध्ये रथम् स्थपयः मेः अच्युत,
Senayoh = two armies ; Ubhayoh = both ; Madhye = in the midst of {In the midst of the two armies}
Ratham = chariot ; Sthaapaya = position / station ; Me (may) = mine ; Achyutha = Krishna.
- यावद एतान निरीक्षे अहम् योद्धुकामान् अवस्थितान् ,
कैः मया सह योद्धव्यम् अस्मिन् रण समुद्यमे ॥
Yaavad = who are ; Ethaan = these ; nireekshay = see / survey ; aham = I ;
Yoddhukaaman = desirous of fighting ; avasthithaan = are positioned. Kaih = who ; mayaa = me ;
saha = with ; yodhdhavyam = must fight ; asmin = in this; raNa = battle ;
samudhdhyme = risen / up in arms.
- योत्स्यमानान् अवेक्षे अहम् याः एतेः अत्र समागताः ,
धातृराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेः युद्धे प्रिय चिकीर्षवः ॥
Yotsyamaanaan = desirous of fighting ; avekshe = survey; Aham = I ; yaah etheyh = those that are;
Atra = there ; Samaagatah = assembled ;
Dhaatruraashtrasya = of the Dritharaashtras i.e. Kauravas ; Durbudhdhe = evil mind;
Yudhdhe = through war ; Priya chikeershavah = to please.
- एवम् उक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ,
सेनयोः उभयोः मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥
Evam = Thus; Uktoh = having said; Hrisheekesah = Arjuna ; Gudaakesena = by Krishna;
Bhaarata =O! King Dhritaraashtra ; Senayoh = the (two) armies; Ubhayoh = the two;
Madhye = between (the three words together mean “ in between the two armies”);
Sthaapayitva = having positioned; Rathoththama = Ratha (chariot) + Uttama = the magnificient,
superior, great.
- भीष्म द्रोण प्रमुखतः सर्वेषाम् च महीक्षिताम् ,
उवाच पार्थ पश्य एतान् समवेतान कुरून इति ॥
Bheeshma, Drona; Pramukhatah = facing; cha = and ; Sarveshaam = amongst all;
Maheekshitaam = great rulers; Uvaacha = said; Partha = O! Arjuna; Pasya = behold;
Etaan = these; Samavetaan = gathered; Kuroon = the Kauravas ; Iti = thus.
- तत्र अपश्यत् स्थितान् पार्थः पितृन अथ पितामहान् ,
आचार्यान् मातुलान् भ्रातृऋन् पुत्रान् पौत्रान् सखीन् तथा ॥
Thatru = there; Apaschyath = saw; Sthithaan = positioned; Parthah = Arjuna; Pithrun = uncles;
Pitaamahaan = grandfathers; Aachaaryaan = teachers ; Maatthulaan = uncles;
Bhraathrun = brothren; Puthraan = sons; Pouthraan = grandsons; Sakheen = friends;
Thaththa = as also.
- श्वशुरान् सुहृदः च एव सेनयोः उभयोः अपि ,
तान् समीक्ष्य स कौंतेयः सर्वान् बंधून् अवस्थितान् ॥
Swasuraan = fathers-in-law; Suhrudu = friends / well-wihers; cha = and; Eva = also;
Senayoeho = the (two) armies; Ubhayoho = the two; Api = and then; Thaan = them;
Sameekshya = having surveyed; Sa = he; Kaunteya = Arjuna; Sarvaan = all of them;
Bandhoon = relatives; Avasthithaan = positioned/stationed
28 (a).कृपय परया अविष्टो विषीदन इदम अब्रवीत्
Kripaya = sympathy / compassion; Parayaa = too deep / a very great extent;
Avishto = consumed by; Visheedan = sorrowfully; Idam = like this / thus; Abraveeth = spoke.
अर्जुन उवाच
28 (b).दृष्ट्वा इमम स्वजनम् कृष्ण युयुत्सम् सम उपस्थितम् ॥
Arjuna said :
Drishtvaa = having seen; Imam = these; Swajanam = own people ; Krishna = Krisha !
Yuyutsam = for war ; Sama = duly / properly; Upasthitham = present / positioned.
- सीदंति मम गात्राणि मुख़म च परिशुष्यति ,
वेपथुः च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षः च जायते ॥
Seedanti = giving in / becoming weary; Mama = my; Gaatraani = limbs; Mukham = mouth;
Cha = and; Parisuhyati = parched; Vapeththuh = trembling; Cha = and; Sareere = body;
Me = mine; Romaharshah = hair rising up; Cha = and ; Jaayate = happens/becomes.
- ग़ाण्डीवम् स्रम्सते हस्ताः त्वकः च एव परिदह्यते ,
न च शक्नोमि अवस्थातुम् भ्रमति इव च मे मनः ॥
Gaandeevam = Name of Arjuna’s bow; Sramsate = slipping out; Hastaaha = (from) hands;
Tvakah = skin ; Cha = and; Eva = also; Paridahyathe = burning all over; Na = not; Cha = and;
Saknomi = possible; Avasthathum = composed ; Bhramathi = restless / agitated; Iva = indeed;
Cha = and ; Me = my; Manaha = mind.
- निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ,
न च श्रेयः अनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनम् आहवे ॥
Nimittani = omens; Cha = and; Pasyaami = (I) see; Vipareetaani = inauspicious; Kesava = Krishna!
Na = not / never; Cha = and; Sreyah = auspicious / superior; Anupasyaami = (I) forsee;
Hatvaa = by killing; Svajanam = own people; Aahave = in battle.
- न काङ्क्षते विजयम् कृष्ण न च राज्यम् सुखानि च ,
किम् नो राज्येन गोविंद किं भोगैः जीवितेन वा ॥
Na = not / never; Kaangkshate = yearn; Vijayam = victory; Krishna = Krishna! ; Na = not / never
Cha = and ; Raajyam = kingdom / empire ; Sukhaani = happiness / joys ; Cha = and;
Kim = what for; No = for us; Raajyena = (from) kingdoms; Govinda = Krishna! ; Kim = what for;
Bhogaih = enjoyment ; Jeevithena = (from) life ; Vaa = or.
- 33. येषाम अर्थे काङ्क्षितम नो राज्यम भोगाम् सुखानि च ,
ते इमेः अवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणाम त्यक्त्व धनानि च ॥
Yeshaam = They (for whose) ; Artham = sake ; Kaangshitham = Desiring, yearning ; No = we
Raajyam = Kingdom ; Bhogam = Pleasures; Sukhaani = Happiness ; Cha = and
Tey = they, Imayh = here; Avasthithaa = are positioned ; Yudhdhay = for battle;
PraaNam = life ; Thyakthva = sacrificing , risking ; Dhanaani = Wealth ; Cha = and.
- आचार्याः पितरः पुत्राः तथा एव च पितामहाः ,
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः स्यालाः सम्बंधिनः तथा ॥
Aachaaryaah = Teachers; Pitarah = fathers ; Putraah = sons ; Thaththaa = furthermore, and also;
Eva = also ; Cha = and ; Pitaamahaah = grandfathers ; Maatulaah = uncles ;
Swasuraah = fathers-in-law ; Powthraah = grand sons;
Syaalaah = brothers-in-law ; Sambandhinah = relatives ; Thaththaa = and also.
- एतान् न हंतुम इच्छामि घ्नतः अपि मदुसूदन ,
अपि त्रैलोक्य राज्यस्य हेतोः किम नु महीकृते ॥
Ethaan = These (them) ; Na – not, never ; Hantum = to kill ; Ichchami = desire ;
Ghnathah = (I am) killed; Api = also, even if ; Madhusoodhana = Krishna !
Api = even ; Thrailokya = the three worlds ; Rajayasya = of the kingdom ; Hethoe = for the sake of;
Kim Nu = what to speak of ; Maheekruthay = this earth.
- निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्राण नः का प्रीतिः स्यात जनार्दन ,
पापम एव आश्रयेद अस्मान हत्वा एतान अततायिनः ॥
Nihatya = Killing; Dhaatruraashtraan = the offsprings of Dritaraashtra ; Nah = to (for) us ;
Kaa = what; Preethi = pleasure ; Syaat = comes / ensues ; Janardhana = Krishna ! Papam = Sin ;
Eva = only; Aasrayedh = reside in ; Asmaan = in us; Hatva = Killing; Etaan = These
Atataayinah = felons, grave criminals.
- तस्मात न अर्हा वयम् हंतुम् धार्त्राष्ट्राण स्व बांधवान्,
स्वजनम्हि कथम हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥
Tasmaat = therefore; Na = not , never; Arhaa = authority, right ; Vayam = us; Hantum = to kill;
Dhaatruraashtraan = the offsprings of Dritaraastra; Sva = our own; Baandhavaan = relations.
Svajanam = our own people ; Hi = indeed ; Katham = how, wherefrom ; Hatvaa = by killing;
Sukhinah = Happiness ; Syaama Madhava = O Krishna !
- यद्यपि एते न पश्यंति लोभ उपहत चेतस ,
कुलक्षय कृतम दोषम मित्र द्रोहे च पातकम् ॥
Yadyapi = even if; Ethay = they; Na Pasyati = do not perceive (do not understand) ; Lobha = greed;
Upahata = consumed by ; Chetasa = mind ; Kula Kshya = Weakening of famiies ;
Kritam = by causing; Dosham – damage; Mitra = friends ; Drohay = by harming ; cha = and ;
Paathakam = Sin.
- कथम न ज्ञेयम् अस्माभिःपापात अस्मात निवर्तितुम,
कुलक्षय कृतम् दोषम प्रपश्यद्भिः जनार्दन ॥
Katham Na = Why should not ; Gyeyam = think of , be aware of ; Asmaabhih = We;
Paapaath = from sin; Asmaat = this (from this sin); Nivartithum = refraining from;
Kula Kshaya = weakening of families ; Kritam = by causing; Dosham = sin;
Prapasyatbhih = clearly see, discern ; Janaardhana = O Krishna !
- कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ,
धर्मेनष्टे कुलम कृस्त्नम् अधर्मः अभिभवति उत ॥
Kula Kshaye = by the weakening of the family ; Pranasyati = is destroyed;
Kula Dharmaah = family traditions ; Sanaatanaah = ancient, long standing;
Dharmenashtay = by the loss of values ; Kulam = the family; Kristnam = entire (the entire family);
Adharma = lack of virtue; Abhibhavati = is overtaken by ; Utah = as also; and also.
- अधर्मा अभिभावात कृष्ण प्रदुष्यंति कुलस्त्रियः,
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्नेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥
Adharma = non-righteusness; AbhiBhaavaat = Burgeons flourishes ; Krishna = Krishna;
Pradushyanti = gets polluted / adulterated ; Kula Streeyaha = females of the family;
Streeshu = women’s ; Dushtaasu = (in) adultery ; Vaarshneya = Krishna ;
Jaayathe = (is born) causes ; VarNasankaraha = mix-up of the breeds (cross-breeding)
- सङ्करो नरकाय एव कुलघ्नानाम् कुलस्य च ,
पतंति पितरो हि एषाम् लुप्तपिण्डः उदकक्रियाः ॥
Sankaroe = (through) mix-up ; Narakaaya = towards hell ; Eva = also
Kulagnaanaam = those who bring shame to a family ; Kulasya = of the family ; Cha = and ;
Pathanthi = fall ; Pitarah = forefathers ; Hi = indeed ; Esham = theirs ;
Lupta = absence of or deprived of ;
Pindaha Udaka Kriyaaha = requiescat offerings (offerings to the deceased persons)
- दोषैः एतैः कुलघ्नानाम् वर्णसंकरा कारकैः ,
उत्साद्यंते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माः च शाश्वताः ॥
Doshaihi = failings / shortcomings ; Ethaihi = these ;
Kulagnaanaam = those that cause ignominy to a family ; VarnaSankaraa = mix-up of cultures ;
Kaarakaihi = the causes ; Utsaadhyante = uprooting ; JaatiDharmaaha = cultural values ;
KulaDharma = family virtues ; Cha = and ; Saaswathaaha = enduring / long lasting / traditional
- उत्सन्न कुलधर्माणाम मनुष्याणाम जनार्दन ;
नरके अनियतम वास: भवति इति अनुशुश्रुम ॥
Utsanna = uprooting of ; Kula DharmaaNaam = family values ; ManushyaaNaam = of the people ;
Janaardhana = Krishna ; Narake = to hell ; Aniyatham = indefinitely ; Vaasaha = residence;
Bhavati = becomes ; Iti = thus ; Anususruma = we have heard.
- अहो बत महत्पापम् कर्तुम् व्यवसिता वयम् ,
यत राज्य सुख लोभेन हंतुम स्व्वजनम् उद्यताः ॥
Ahoe Batha = O! What a pity ; Mahat Paapam = Great crime/sin ; Kartum = committing ;
Vyavasitha = involved ; Vayam = we (are) ; Yat = in that ; Raajya = kingly ; Sukha = happiness ;
Lobhena = greed ; Hantum = to kill ; Swajanam = our own people ; Udhyataaha = have risen.
- यदि माम अप्रतीकारम् अशस्त्रम् शस्त्र पाणयः ,
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युः तत मे क्षेमतरम् भवेत् ॥
Yadi = if ; Maam = Our ; Aprathikaaram = non-response ; Asastram = unarmed ;
Sastra = weapons ; PaaNayaha = on hand ; DhaatruraaShtraa = Of springs of Dhritaraashtra ;
RaNay = in the battle field ; Hanyuhu = are slain ; Tat = then ; May = to me ;
Kshemataram = well being ; Bhaveth = will happen.
सञ्जय उवाच
- एवम उक्त्वा अर्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथ उपस्थ उपविशत् ,
विसृज्य सशरम् चापम् शोका सम्विग्न मानसः ॥
Evam = thus ; Uktwaa = having spoken ; Arjunaha = Arjuna ;
Sankkhye = in the midst of the battle field ; Raththa = Chariot ; Upastha = Seat ; Upavisath = sat ;
Visrujya = having discarded ; Sasaram = the bow ; Chaapam = arrows ;
Soka = saddened / sorrowful Samvigna = disturbed / agitated ; Maanasaha = Mind.
ऊँ तत सत इति श्रीमत भगवत गीतासु उपनिषत्सु ब्रह्म विद्यायां योगशास्त्रे
श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन संवादे अर्जुन विषाद योगो नाम प्रथमो अध्यायः ॥
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